| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 6% | µg/kg f.w. | Perch, Finnish rivers and coastal sites (n = 48), fresh weight; detection frequency | PDF p.9, Table 5, PFOA row, Perch Detection Frequency column | PFASs in Finnish Rivers and Fish and the Loading of PFASs to the Baltic Sea |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.03 | µg/kg f.w. | Perch, Finnish rivers and coastal sites (n = 48), fresh weight; mean | PDF p.9, Table 5, PFOA row, Perch Mean column | PFASs in Finnish Rivers and Fish and the Loading of PFASs to the Baltic Sea |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.06 | µg/kg f.w. | Perch, Finnish rivers and coastal sites (n = 48), fresh weight; maximum | PDF p.9, Table 5, PFOA row, Perch Max column | PFASs in Finnish Rivers and Fish and the Loading of PFASs to the Baltic Sea |
| Seafood | 0.20 ± 0.07 | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.033 | ng/g w/w | Bighead carp, West and Yen So Lake, Hanoi, 2016 (n = 6); mean | PDF p.4, Table 1, Bighead carp row (this study), PFOA row, PFOA column | Assessment of contamination levels and exposure risk of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOS and PFOA) in Vietnamese fish |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.030 | ng/g w/w | Common carp, West and Yen So Lake, Hanoi, 2016 (n = 6); mean | PDF p.4, Table 1, Common carp row (this study), PFOA row, PFOA column | Assessment of contamination levels and exposure risk of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOS and PFOA) in Vietnamese fish |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.12 | ng/g w/w | Rohu, West and Yen So Lake, Hanoi, 2016 (n = 6); mean | PDF p.4, Table 1, Rohu row (this study), PFOA row, PFOA column | Assessment of contamination levels and exposure risk of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOS and PFOA) in Vietnamese fish |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.048 | ng/g w/w | Tilapia, West and Yen So Lake, Hanoi, 2016 (n = 6); mean | PDF p.4, Table 1, Tilapia row (this study), PFOA row, PFOA column | Assessment of contamination levels and exposure risk of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOS and PFOA) in Vietnamese fish |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.02 (0.02) | µg/kg | Cyprinus carpio fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 11); average (min-max) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Cyprinus carpio Av (min-max) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 9% | µg/kg | Cyprinus carpio fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 11); frequency of positives above LOQ | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Cyprinus carpio F (%) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.03 (0.02-0.03) | µg/kg | Oncorhynchus mykiss fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 11); average (min-max) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Oncorhynchus mykiss Av (min-max) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 40% | µg/kg | Oncorhynchus mykiss fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 11); frequency of positives above LOQ | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Oncorhynchus mykiss F (%) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.01 (0.01-0.02) | µg/kg | Perca fluviatilis fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 38); average (min-max) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Perca fluviatilis Av (min-max) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 5% | µg/kg | Perca fluviatilis fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 38); frequency of positives above LOQ | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Perca fluviatilis F (%) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Eggs | 0.224 | μg/kg wet weight | Backyard chicken eggs; Mean | PDF p.9 Table 2; censoring p.5 | Citizen-science data reveal drivers of PFAS variability in backyard chicken eggs |
| Eggs | 0.0165 | μg/kg wet weight | Backyard chicken eggs; SE | PDF p.9 Table 2; censoring p.5 | Citizen-science data reveal drivers of PFAS variability in backyard chicken eggs |
| Eggs | 0.110 | μg/kg wet weight | Backyard chicken eggs; Median | PDF p.9 Table 2; censoring p.5 | Citizen-science data reveal drivers of PFAS variability in backyard chicken eggs |
| Eggs | 7.80 | μg/kg wet weight | Backyard chicken eggs; Maximum | PDF p.9 Table 2; censoring p.5 | Citizen-science data reveal drivers of PFAS variability in backyard chicken eggs |
| Breast milk | < LLOQ | ng/L | Breast milk, Riyadh (n = 25); mean | PDF p.6, Table 4, PFOA row, Mean column | Perfluoroalkyl compound levels in breast milk of mothers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| Breast milk | < LLOQ | ng/L | Breast milk, Riyadh (n = 25); median | PDF p.6, Table 4, PFOA row, Median column | Perfluoroalkyl compound levels in breast milk of mothers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| Breast milk | 73.35 | ng/L | Breast milk, Riyadh (n = 25); maximum | PDF p.6, Table 4, PFOA row, Max column | Perfluoroalkyl compound levels in breast milk of mothers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| Breast milk | 139 | pg/mL | Mother's milk, Shanghai (n = 10); average | PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFOA row, Shanghai Conc. column | Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China |
| Breast milk | 64-308 | pg/mL | Mother's milk, Shanghai (n = 10); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFOA row, Shanghai range in parentheses column | Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China |
| Breast milk | 266 | pg/mL | Mother's milk, Jiaxing (n = 10); average | PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFOA row, Jiaxing Conc. column | Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China |
| Breast milk | 177-411 | pg/mL | Mother's milk, Jiaxing (n = 10); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFOA row, Jiaxing range in parentheses column | Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China |
| Breast milk | 94 | pg/mL | Mother's milk, Shaoxing (n = 10); average | PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFOA row, Shaoxing Conc. column | Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China |
| Breast milk | 33-151 | pg/mL | Mother's milk, Shaoxing (n = 10); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFOA row, Shaoxing range in parentheses column | Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China |
| Breast milk | 42 | pg/mL | Mother's milk, Stockholm (n = 10); average | PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFOA row, Stockholm Conc. column | Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China |
| Breast milk | <2-81 | pg/mL | Mother's milk, Stockholm (n = 10); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFOA row, Stockholm range in parentheses column | Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China |
| Eggs | 0.056 ± 0.31 | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group A1; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | 0.0038 ± 0.018 | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group A2; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | 0.0039 ± 0.019 | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group A3; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | 0.015 ± 0.033 | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group B1; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | nd | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group B2; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | 0.0056 ± 0.018 | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group B3; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | nd | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group C1; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | nd | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group C2/C3; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | 0.005 ± 0.012 | ng/g wet weight | Eggs; group D; mean ± SD if numeric | PDF p.8 Table 1 | Home-Produced Eggs as Indicators of PFAS Contamination in Food Following a Fire at a Plastic Recycling Plant |
| Eggs | <LOQ | µg/kg | Cage eggs; mean ± SD; LB then UB where two entries | PDF p.12 Table 3; limits p.9 Table 2 | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Levels in Commercial and Home-Produced Eggs in Croatia |
| Eggs | <LOQ | µg/kg | Barn eggs; mean ± SD; LB then UB where two entries | PDF p.12 Table 3; limits p.9 Table 2 | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Levels in Commercial and Home-Produced Eggs in Croatia |
| Eggs | <LOQ | µg/kg | Organic eggs; mean ± SD; LB then UB where two entries | PDF p.12 Table 3; limits p.9 Table 2 | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Levels in Commercial and Home-Produced Eggs in Croatia |
| Meat and poultry | 3.30 | µg/kg fresh weight | Wild boar meat, Germany (n = 152); mean | PDF p.4, Table 2, Wild boar meat block, PFOA row, Mean column | An assessment of PFAS contamination in wild boar meat and liver |
| Meat and poultry | 0.12 | µg/kg fresh weight | Wild boar meat, Germany (n = 152); median | PDF p.4, Table 2, Wild boar meat block, PFOA row, Median column | An assessment of PFAS contamination in wild boar meat and liver |
| Meat and poultry | 252.00 | µg/kg fresh weight | Wild boar meat, Germany (n = 152); maximum | PDF p.4, Table 2, Wild boar meat block, PFOA row, Max column | An assessment of PFAS contamination in wild boar meat and liver |
| Meat and poultry | 61.75 | µg/kg fresh weight | Wild boar liver, Germany (n = 114); mean | PDF p.4, Table 2, Wild boar liver block, PFOA row, Mean column | An assessment of PFAS contamination in wild boar meat and liver |
| Meat and poultry | 5.85 | µg/kg fresh weight | Wild boar liver, Germany (n = 114); median | PDF p.4, Table 2, Wild boar liver block, PFOA row, Median column | An assessment of PFAS contamination in wild boar meat and liver |
| Meat and poultry | 3145.00 | µg/kg fresh weight | Wild boar liver, Germany (n = 114); maximum | PDF p.4, Table 2, Wild boar liver block, PFOA row, Max column | An assessment of PFAS contamination in wild boar meat and liver |
| Cereal grains | 5.37 | ng/g w.w. | Rice, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Rice row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Cereal grains | 6.44 | ng/g w.w. | Flour, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Flour row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Meat and poultry | 5.91 | ng/g w.w. | Pork, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Pork row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Meat and poultry | 8.27 | ng/g w.w. | Beef, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Beef row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Meat and poultry | 6.49 | ng/g w.w. | Chicken, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Chicken row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Meat and poultry | 5.87 | ng/g w.w. | Liver, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Liver row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 5.39 | ng/g w.w. | Salmon, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Salmon row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 5.71 | ng/g w.w. | Oyster, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Oyster row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 8.23 | ng/g w.w. | Shrimp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Shrimp row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 5.60 | ng/g w.w. | Clam, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Clam row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 6.40 | ng/g w.w. | Squid, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Squid row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 5.95 | ng/g w.w. | Grass Carp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Grass Carp row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Eggs | 5.35 | ng/g w.w. | Egg, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Egg row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Liquid milk, cow | 1.70 | ng/mL | Milk, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Milk row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian) | 4.04 | ng/L | bottled-water mean as printed; non-detect mean retained literally | PDF p. 8, Table 1, Bottled Water Mean | Unregulated and Regulated PFASs in Bottled and Tap Water: Occurrence, Co-Occurrence Patterns, and Implications for Human Health and Regulatory Frameworks |
| Breast milk | 0.017 [0.012, 0.027] | ng/mL | Human milk, New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (N = 426); median [IQR] | PDF p.4, Table 2, PFOA row, milk median (IQR) column | Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Paired Maternal Plasma and Human Milk in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort |
| Breast milk | 356 (83.6) | ng/mL | Human milk, New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (N = 426); samples at or above LOD, N (%) | PDF p.4, Table 2, PFOA row, milk N (% >= LOD) column | Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Paired Maternal Plasma and Human Milk in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort |
| Breast milk | 0.02 (0.01) | ng/mL | Human milk, New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, all participants (N = 425); overlaps the Criswell 2022 cohort; mean (SD) | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOA in human milk row, overall (N = 425) column | Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with human milk metabolomic profiles in a rural North American cohort |
| Meat and poultry | 0.045-0.167 | µg/kg | Pig liver, Italy; concentration range | PDF p.3, Table 1, Liver block, PFOA row, Concentration range column | Distribution of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in pig liver and muscle: implications for food safety |
| Meat and poultry | 0.071 | µg/kg | Pig liver, Italy; mean | PDF p.3, Table 1, Liver block, PFOA row, Mean column | Distribution of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in pig liver and muscle: implications for food safety |
| Meat and poultry | 0.061 | µg/kg | Pig liver, Italy; median | PDF p.3, Table 1, Liver block, PFOA row, Median column | Distribution of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in pig liver and muscle: implications for food safety |
| Meat and poultry | 0.040-0.050 | µg/kg | Pig longissimus dorsi muscle, Italy; concentration range | PDF p.3, Table 1, Longissimus dorsi muscle block, PFOA row, Concentration range column | Distribution of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in pig liver and muscle: implications for food safety |
| Meat and poultry | 0.020 | µg/kg | Pig longissimus dorsi muscle, Italy; mean | PDF p.3, Table 1, Longissimus dorsi muscle block, PFOA row, Mean column | Distribution of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in pig liver and muscle: implications for food safety |
| Liquid milk, cow | 61.43 ± 207.40 | pg g−1 | Raw cow milk fraction Skimmed; mean ± SD | PDF p.6 Table 2 | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| Liquid milk, cow | 31.04 ± 52.40 | pg g−1 | Raw cow milk fraction Cream; mean ± SD | PDF p.6 Table 2 | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| Liquid milk, cow | 11.54 ± 27.00 | pg g−1 | Raw cow milk fraction Whole Milk; mean ± SD | PDF p.6 Table 2 | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| Tap drinking water | 349 | ng/L | maximum in reused public-supply monitoring data | PDF p3, Results and Discussion, paragraph beginning Six million | Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants |
| Tap drinking water | 2.7 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D1 | PDF p3, Table 1, D1 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 2.2 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D2 | PDF p3, Table 1, D2 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 11 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D3 | PDF p3, Table 1, D3 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | <0.3 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D4 | PDF p3, Table 1, D4 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 0.63 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D5 | PDF p3, Table 1, D5 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | <0.3 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D6 | PDF p3, Table 1, D6 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 0.57 (0.33, 1.36) | ng/L | median (IQR), detected archived tap-water samples only | PDF p3, Table 2, nPFOA | Tap Water Contributions to Plasma Concentrations of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Nationwide Prospective Cohort of U.S. Women |
| Tap drinking water | 0.39 (0.17, 0.51) | ng/L | median (IQR), detected archived tap-water samples only | PDF p3, Table 2, brPFOA | Tap Water Contributions to Plasma Concentrations of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Nationwide Prospective Cohort of U.S. Women |
| Tap drinking water | 9.94 | ng/L | median in treated water; source uses zero for ND in statistical analysis | PDF p5, section 3.1 | Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water Treatment Plants from Korea: Occurrence and Human Exposure |
| Tap drinking water | <LOQ | ng/L | unfiltered tap water; median [min, max] among quantifiable results or printed <LOQ | PDF p3, Table 2, unfiltered tap-water column | Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in paired tap water and blood samples during pregnancy |
| Tap drinking water | <LOQ | ng/L | activated-carbon filtered tap water; median [min, max] among quantifiable results or printed <LOQ | PDF p3, Table 2, filtered tap water with AC | Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in paired tap water and blood samples during pregnancy |
| Tap drinking water | 3.19 [0.74, 7.17] | ng/L | surface-water-derived produced drinking water; median [min, max], including source censoring treatment | PDF p5, Table 2, surface-water-derived drinking-water column | Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water |
| Tap drinking water | 0.34 [0.06, 0.87] | ng/L | groundwater-derived produced drinking water; median [min, max], including source censoring treatment | PDF p5, Table 2, groundwater-derived drinking-water column | Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water |
| Tap drinking water | 0.5 [0.09, 1.52] | ng/L | surface-water-derived produced drinking water; median [min, max], including source censoring treatment | PDF p5, Table 2, surface-water-derived drinking-water column | Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water |
| Tap drinking water | 11,300 | ng/L | one private-well household tap sample; exceptional result, not a population statistic | PDF p5, section 3.1, paragraph beginning While the study sampling locations | Prevalence and Source Tracing of PFAS in Shallow Groundwater Used for Drinking Water in Wisconsin, USA |
| Tap drinking water | 6.8-13.6 | ng/L | range among detections in household tap-water samples | PDF p17, Table 2; p10 Results | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Drinking Water in Southeast Los Angeles: Industrial Legacy and Environmental Justice |
| Tap drinking water | 39.8 | ng/L | drinking-water site P6, targeted quantified concentration | PDF p8, section 3.1 Quantitative Study | Non-Targeted PFAS Suspect Screening and Quantification of Drinking Water Samples Collected through Community Engaged Research in North Carolina’s Cape Fear River Basin |
| Tap drinking water | 0.1-63.6 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p11, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | Determination of 51 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in raw water and drinking water by online solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| Tap drinking water | 0.03-0.76 | ng/L | reported detected concentration range; source method has panel LOQ range | PDF p4, section 3.1 | Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) in tap water in the southern key economic region |
| Tap drinking water | 0.0032 | µg/L | annual average drinking-water concentration, 2018 | PDF p10, section 3.1 | Nationwide Monitoring and Hepatic Mixture Risk Assessment of PFASs in Korean Drinking Water Using Relative Potency Factors |
| Tap drinking water | 0.0014 | µg/L | annual average drinking-water concentration, 2024 | PDF p10, section 3.1 | Nationwide Monitoring and Hepatic Mixture Risk Assessment of PFASs in Korean Drinking Water Using Relative Potency Factors |
| Paperboard cartons | 0.52-0.70 | µg/kg | Migration into food simulants under intended use conditions | PDF p.7, section 2.3.2 | Migration Safety of Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Sugarcane Pulp Tableware: Residue Analysis and Takeout Simulation Study |
| Paperboard cartons | 1.71 | ng/100 cm² | P1 paper packaging; RSD 2.71%; n=3 | PDF p.7, Table 4, PFOA row | Preliminary Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Philippine Fast Food Packaging using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) |
| Paperboard cartons | 0.40 | ng/100 cm² | P2 paper packaging; RSD 10.0%; n=3 | PDF p.7, Table 4, PFOA row | Preliminary Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Philippine Fast Food Packaging using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) |
| Paperboard cartons | 0.36 | ng/100 cm² | P3 paper packaging; RSD 15.7%; n=3 | PDF p.7, Table 4, PFOA row | Preliminary Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Philippine Fast Food Packaging using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) |
| Paperboard cartons | 0.57 | ng/100 cm² | P4 paper packaging; RSD 4.03%; n=3 | PDF p.7, Table 4, PFOA row | Preliminary Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Philippine Fast Food Packaging using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) |
| Paperboard cartons | 0.58 | ng/100 cm² | P5 paper packaging; RSD 14.6%; n=2 (starred) | PDF p.7, Table 4, PFOA row | Preliminary Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Philippine Fast Food Packaging using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) |
| Paperboard cartons | 0.41 | ng/100 cm² | P6 paper packaging; RSD 14.8%; n=3 | PDF p.7, Table 4, PFOA row | Preliminary Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Philippine Fast Food Packaging using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) |
| Paperboard cartons | 0.48 | ng/100 cm² | P7 paper packaging; RSD 0.00%; n=3 | PDF p.7, Table 4, PFOA row | Preliminary Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Philippine Fast Food Packaging using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) |
| Paperboard cartons | 5.2 ± 0.4 | ng/g | P1 popcorn bag, migration into 10% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 114.9 ± 4.6 | ng/g | P2 popcorn bag, migration into 10% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 166.3 ± 8.1 | ng/g | P3 popcorn bag, migration into 10% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 152.0 ± 5.4 | ng/g | P4 popcorn bag, migration into 10% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 165.6 ± 11.9 | ng/g | P5 popcorn bag, migration into 10% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 5.8 ± 0.2 | ng/g | P1 popcorn bag, migration into 50% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 118.3 ± 6.5 | ng/g | P2 popcorn bag, migration into 50% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 122.9 ± 3.0 | ng/g | P3 popcorn bag, migration into 50% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 274.0 ± 7.0 | ng/g | P4 popcorn bag, migration into 50% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 160.9 ± 4.3 | ng/g | P5 popcorn bag, migration into 50% ethanol; table mass-normalized basis | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row | High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Quantification, and Risk Assessment of 40 PFAS Migrating from Microwave Popcorn Bags |
| Paperboard cartons | 4.32 | pg/cm² | FF2; targeted PFAS analysis | PDF p.4, section 3.2.1 | Total Fluorine Measurements in Food Packaging: How Do Current Methods Perform? |
| Paperboard cartons | 22.4 | pg/cm² | MP5; targeted PFAS analysis | PDF p.4, section 3.2.1 | Total Fluorine Measurements in Food Packaging: How Do Current Methods Perform? |
| Paperboard cartons | 217 | ng/dm² | E-2 microwave popcorn paper | PDF p.11, Table 3; prose PDF pp.13-14 | Determination of perfluoroalkyl substances in food packaging in Taiwan using ultrasonic extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry |
| Paperboard cartons | 13.4 | ng/dm² | E-3 microwave popcorn paper | PDF p.11, Table 3; prose PDF pp.13-14 | Determination of perfluoroalkyl substances in food packaging in Taiwan using ultrasonic extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry |
| Paperboard cartons | 48.6 | ng/dm² | F-1 oil-proof paper bag | PDF p.11, Table 3; prose PDF pp.13-14 | Determination of perfluoroalkyl substances in food packaging in Taiwan using ultrasonic extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry |
| Paperboard cartons | 0.004-0.099 | mg kg⁻¹ | Extracted content across bio-based food contact materials | PDF p.8, section 3.1.3 | Studies of Potential Migration of Hazardous Chemicals from Sustainable Food Contact Materials |
| Breast milk | 17.1 (10.4) | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Africa; mean (SD), lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Africa (N = 27) Mean (SD) column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 15.7 | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Africa; median, lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Africa (N = 27) Median column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | [6.20, 63.4] | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Africa; [min, max], lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Africa (N = 27) [Min, Max] column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 18.1 (7.17) | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Asia; mean (SD), lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Asia (N = 18) Mean (SD) column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 17.4 | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Asia; median, lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Asia (N = 18) Median column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | [9.98, 35.0] | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Asia; [min, max], lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Asia (N = 18) [Min, Max] column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 30.6 (9.16) | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, CEE; mean (SD), lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, CEE (N = 12) Mean (SD) column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 30.7 | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, CEE; median, lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, CEE (N = 12) Median column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | [12.6, 48.8] | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, CEE; [min, max], lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, CEE (N = 12) [Min, Max] column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 23.4 (12.6) | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, GRULAC; mean (SD), lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, GRULAC (N = 21) Mean (SD) column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 19.7 | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, GRULAC; median, lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, GRULAC (N = 21) Median column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | [7.81, 61.5] | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, GRULAC; [min, max], lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, GRULAC (N = 21) [Min, Max] column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 31.7 (13.4) | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, WEOG; mean (SD), lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, WEOG (N = 8) Mean (SD) column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 33.4 | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, WEOG; median, lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, WEOG (N = 8) Median column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | [17.7, 57.8] | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, WEOG; [min, max], lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, WEOG (N = 8) [Min, Max] column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 22.1 (11.7) | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Overall; mean (SD), lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Overall (N = 86) Mean (SD) column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | 18.6 | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Overall; median, lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Overall (N = 86) Median column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Breast milk | [6.20, 63.4] | pg/g fresh weight | Human milk national pools, WHO/UNEP surveys, Overall; [min, max], lower bound | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Overall (N = 86) [Min, Max] column | Perfluoroalkane acids in human milk under the global monitoring plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2008-2019) |
| Eggs | traces | ng/g | Homogenized egg yolk; group A pool 1 | PDF p.3 Table 3; limits p.2 | Preliminary monitoring of the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in Italian eggs from different breeding systems |
| Liquid milk, cow | < MDL | pg/g | Regional dairy production facility silo milk | PDF p.1 Abstract; p.6 Dairy Production Facilities Samples | Occurrence of PFAS in Cow’s Milk: A Comparative Study of Swedish Farms near Contaminated Sites and Regional Dairy Production Facilities |
| Breast milk | n.d.-83 | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, pilot study 2013 (n = 21); range | PDF p.11, Table 3, pilot study block, PFOA row, pilot range column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Breast milk | n.d. | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, pilot study 2013 (n = 21); median | PDF p.11, Table 3, pilot study block, PFOA row, pilot median column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Breast milk | 81 | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, pilot study 2013 (n = 21); 95th percentile | PDF p.11, Table 3, pilot study block, PFOA row, pilot P95 column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Breast milk | <LOQ-91 | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); range | PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFOA row, follow-up range column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Breast milk | 25 | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); median | PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFOA row, follow-up median column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Breast milk | 75 | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); 95th percentile | PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFOA row, follow-up P95 column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Breast milk | 57.60 (33.98) | ng/L | Breast milk at 1 month post-partum, Norway (N = 230); mean (SD) | PDF p.3, Table 1, PFAS class, PFOA row, Mean (SD) column | Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month |
| Breast milk | 2.19 | ng/L | Breast milk at 1 month post-partum, Norway (N = 230); minimum | PDF p.3, Table 1, PFAS class, PFOA row, Min column | Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month |
| Breast milk | 50.77 | ng/L | Breast milk at 1 month post-partum, Norway (N = 230); median | PDF p.3, Table 1, PFAS class, PFOA row, p50 column | Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month |
| Breast milk | 182.55 | ng/L | Breast milk at 1 month post-partum, Norway (N = 230); maximum | PDF p.3, Table 1, PFAS class, PFOA row, Max column | Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month |
| Carpet cleaners | 5 | % | German consumer products, Cleaner samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected | PDF p.7, Table 3, PFOA row, Cleaner column | Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 100 | % | German consumer products, Outdoor samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected | PDF p.7, Table 3, PFOA row, Outdoor column | Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products |
| Carpet cleaners | 30 | % | German consumer products, Carpet samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected | PDF p.7, Table 3, PFOA row, Carpet column | Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products |
| Breast milk | 2.80 | ng/mL | Human milk, e-waste dismantling area, China (n = 150); maximum | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, Max column | Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Per‐ and Poly‐Fluoroalkyl Substances From Electronic Waste Disassembly Areas and Steroid Hormones in Human Milk Samples |
| Breast milk | 0.27 | ng/mL | Human milk, e-waste dismantling area, China (n = 150); median | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, Median column | Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Per‐ and Poly‐Fluoroalkyl Substances From Electronic Waste Disassembly Areas and Steroid Hormones in Human Milk Samples |
| Breast milk | 0.35 | ng/mL | Human milk, e-waste dismantling area, China (n = 150); mean | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, Mean column | Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Per‐ and Poly‐Fluoroalkyl Substances From Electronic Waste Disassembly Areas and Steroid Hormones in Human Milk Samples |
| Breast milk | 97.3 | ng/mL | Human milk, e-waste dismantling area, China (n = 150); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, Detection frequencies column | Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Per‐ and Poly‐Fluoroalkyl Substances From Electronic Waste Disassembly Areas and Steroid Hormones in Human Milk Samples |
| Seafood | 39% | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); detection rate | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFOA row, Fish and seafood Detection column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| Seafood | 0.08 ± 0.39 | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); mean (lower bound) ± SD | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFOA row, Fish and seafood Mean (LB) column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| Condiments (hot sauce, soy sauce, mustard, ketchup, mayonnaise, salsa) | 0% | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Sauces and condiments (n = 18 pooled samples); detection rate | PDF p.8, Table 4, Sauces and condiments block, PFOA row, Sauces and condiments Detection column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| Condiments (hot sauce, soy sauce, mustard, ketchup, mayonnaise, salsa) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Sauces and condiments (n = 18 pooled samples); mean (lower bound) ± SD | PDF p.8, Table 4, Sauces and condiments block, PFOA row, Sauces and condiments Mean (LB) column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| Eggs | 27% | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Eggs and egg products (n = 14 pooled samples); detection rate | PDF p.8, Table 4, Eggs and egg products block, PFOA row, Eggs and egg products Detection column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| Eggs | 0.00 ± 0.00 | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Eggs and egg products (n = 14 pooled samples); mean (lower bound) ± SD | PDF p.8, Table 4, Eggs and egg products block, PFOA row, Eggs and egg products Mean (LB) column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| Meat and poultry | 0% | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Meat and meat products (n = 53 pooled samples); detection rate | PDF p.8, Table 4, Meat and meat products block, PFOA row, Meat and meat products Detection column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| Meat and poultry | 0.00 ± 0.00 | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Meat and meat products (n = 53 pooled samples); mean (lower bound) ± SD | PDF p.8, Table 4, Meat and meat products block, PFOA row, Meat and meat products Mean (LB) column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian) | 0.5 | ng/L | one quantified natural-mineral bottled-water sample | PDF p. 10 (56545), Occurrence in bottled water samples | Occurrence and health risk assessment of PFAS and possible precursors: a case study in a drinking water treatment plant and bottled water (south Catalonia, Spain) |
| Liquid milk, cow | 0.0016 | µg/kg | Cow milk; source table mean | PDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2 | Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk - dietary intake and risk assessment |
| Liquid milk, cow | 0.0015 | µg/kg | Cow milk; source table median | PDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2 | Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk - dietary intake and risk assessment |
| Liquid milk, cow | <LOQ-0.0023 | µg/kg | Cow milk; source table range | PDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2 | Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk - dietary intake and risk assessment |
| Eggs | <LOQ | µg/kg | Chickens eggs; source table mean | PDF p.4 Tables 2 to 3; LOQs p.3 Table 1 | Chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals as sources of perfluoroalkyl substances |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 1 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 2 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 3 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 4 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 5 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 6 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 7 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 8 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 9 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 10 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 11 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 12 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 13 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 14 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 15 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 16 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 17 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 18 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 19 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 20 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 21 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 22 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 23 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 24 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 25 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 26 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 27 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 28 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | <LOQ | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 29 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | <LOQ | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 30 | PDF p.9 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 31 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 32 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 33 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 34 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 35 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 36 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 37 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | <LOQ | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 38 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | <LOQ | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 39 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 40 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 41 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | <LOQ | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 42 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 43 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 44 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 45 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 46 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 47 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 48 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 49 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 50 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | <LOQ | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 51 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 52 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 53 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | <LOQ | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 54 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 55 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 56 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 57 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 58 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 59 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 60 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 61 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 62 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 63 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 64 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Eggs | n.d. | ng g−1 | Homogenized commercial egg; sample 65 | PDF p.10 Table 3; LOQ p.5 Table 2 | Incidence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercial Eggs and Their Impact on Consumer’s Safety |
| Children's products | 94 | µg/m² | Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, DF (%) column | Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment |
| Children's products | 0.20 | µg/m² | Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); mean migration (as reported) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Mean [μg/m²] column | Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment |
| Children's products | <LOQ - 0.43 | µg/m² | Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); range of migration | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Range [μg/m²] column | Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment |
| Infant Formula | 4/20 (20) | count (%) | Infant formula; Frequency | PDF p.9 Table 1 | Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT |
| Infant Formula | 0.02 ± 0.01 | ng/g dry weight | Infant formula; Mean ± SD | PDF p.9 Table 1 | Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT |
| Infant Formula | 0.03 | ng/g dry weight | Infant formula; Median | PDF p.9 Table 1 | Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT |
| Infant Formula | 0.01-0.03 | ng/g dry weight | Infant formula; Min-Max | PDF p.9 Table 1 | Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT |
| Breast milk | <LOD - 284 | ng/L | Canadian human milk (MIREC, n = 664); range | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFOA row, Range column | Perfluorinated alkyl substances in Canadian human milk as part of the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study |
| Breast milk | 41.4 | ng/L | Canadian human milk (MIREC, n = 664); mean of results above LOD | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFOA row, Mean, >LOD only column | Perfluorinated alkyl substances in Canadian human milk as part of the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study |
| Breast milk | 34.2 | ng/L | Canadian human milk (MIREC, n = 664); median of results above LOD | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFOA row, Median, >LOD only column | Perfluorinated alkyl substances in Canadian human milk as part of the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study |
| Breast milk | 99.5 | % | Canadian human milk (MIREC, n = 664); detection frequency | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFOA row, Detection frequency column | Perfluorinated alkyl substances in Canadian human milk as part of the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study |
| Children's products | 11% (7/61) | % | Children's and bedding textile products, US (n = 61, targeted analysis); detection frequency (detected/analyzed) | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFOA row, targeted, number of detections column | How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents? |
| Children's products | 22.5 | ng/g | same; maximum | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFOA row, targeted, maximum concentration (ng/g) column | How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents? |
| Children's products | 0.207 | ng/cm2 | same; maximum | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFOA row, targeted, maximum concentration (ng/cm2) column | How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents? |
| Eggs | <0.10 a | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 1 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 2 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 a | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 3 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 a | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 4 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 5 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 a | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 6 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 a | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 7 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 8 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 9 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Home-produced chicken egg yolk; source 10 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Duck egg yolk; source 1 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Duck egg yolk; source 2 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 a | ng g−1 ww | Duck egg yolk; source 3 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Quail egg yolk; source 1 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 | ng g−1 ww | Quail egg yolk; source 2 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 a | ng g−1 ww | Quail egg yolk; source 3 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Eggs | <0.10 a | ng g−1 ww | Quail egg yolk; source 4 | PDF p.7 Table 3 and footnote | Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) Determination of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in the Yolk of Poultry Eggs in Malaysia |
| Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian) | 0.33 | ng/L | bottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literal | PDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f | Tap vs Bottled: Assessing PFAS Levels and Exposure Risks in Singapore’s Drinking Water |
| Period underwear and reusable menstrual garments | 15.8% | ng/g | Reusable feminine hygiene products, US (N = 19); detection frequency | PDF p.3, Table 1, PFOA row, DF column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Reusable Feminine Hygiene Products |
| Period underwear and reusable menstrual garments | ND−11.4 | ng/g | Reusable feminine hygiene products, US (N = 19); range | PDF p.3, Table 1, PFOA row, Range (ng/g) column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Reusable Feminine Hygiene Products |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 20.0 | ng/g | Children's products, China, School uniform (n = 25); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, School uniform DF column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | ND-0.986 | ng/g | Children's products, China, School uniform (n = 25); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, School uniform Range column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 75.0 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Outdoor wear (n = 16); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Outdoor wear DF column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 0.802 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Outdoor wear (n = 16); median (non-detects set to 1/2 MDL) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Outdoor wear Median column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | ND-4.32 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Outdoor wear (n = 16); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Outdoor wear Range column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Children's products | 56.3 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Miscellaneous (n = 16); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Miscellaneous DF column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Children's products | 0.431 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Miscellaneous (n = 16); median (non-detects set to 1/2 MDL) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Miscellaneous Median column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Children's products | ND-3.53 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Miscellaneous (n = 16); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFOA row, Miscellaneous Range column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Liquid milk, cow | <5.0-151.8 | ng/L | Retail milk; range | PDF p.6 Table 2; limits p.4 Table 1 | Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment |
| Liquid milk, cow | 16.2 | ng/L | Retail milk; mean | PDF p.6 Table 2; limits p.4 Table 1 | Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment |
| Liquid milk, cow | 33.0 | % | Retail milk; frequency above LOD | PDF p.6 Table 2; limits p.4 Table 1 | Occurrence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Milk and Yogurt and Their Risk Assessment |
| Breast milk | 100 | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); detection rate (%) | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, DR (%) column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |
| Breast milk | 12.04 | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); minimum | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, Min column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |
| Breast milk | 335.9 | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); median | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, 50th column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |
| Breast milk | 1,933 | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); 95th percentile | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, 95th column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |
| Breast milk | 2,059 | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); maximum | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFOA row, Max column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |