64 source-reported values from 5 filed studies. Values are shown as printed in each source, with the basis and page. Studies differ in samples, methods and limits, so values are not directly comparable. Measured samples do not represent every product on the market.
Occurrence evidence
| analyte | value | unit | basis | source location | source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFOS | 13.2 (10.1) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Charleston Harbor (n = 15); mean (SD) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Charleston Harbor row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 10.9 (2.99, 43.8) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Charleston Harbor (n = 15); median (range) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Charleston Harbor row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 15.3 (11.3) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Cooper River (n = 11); mean (SD) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Cooper River row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 14.3 (2.53, 41.5) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Cooper River (n = 11); median (range) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Cooper River row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 18.6 (15.2) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Ashley River (n = 13); mean (SD) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Ashley River row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 14.7 (7.83, 66.3) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Ashley River (n = 13); median (range) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Ashley River row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 6.23 (3.88) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Mullet (n = 9); mean (SD) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Mullet row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 4.77 (2.53, 13.7) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Mullet (n = 9); median (range) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Mullet row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 19.8 (11.5) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Spot (n = 7); mean (SD) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Spot row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 16.7 (9.46, 43.8) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Spot (n = 7); median (range) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Spot row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 13.7 (2.68) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Croaker (n = 5); mean (SD) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Croaker row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 14.8 (9.37, 16.3) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Croaker (n = 5); median (range) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Croaker row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 17.6 (10.8) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Red Drum (n = 9); mean (SD) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Red Drum row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 16.5 (6.41, 41.5) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Red Drum (n = 9); median (range) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Red Drum row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 20.7 (18.0) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Seatrout (n = 9); mean (SD) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Seatrout row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOS | 13.2 (9.25, 66.3) | ng/g wet weight | Whole fish, Charleston SC estuary, Seatrout (n = 9); median (range) | PDF p.26, Table 2A, Seatrout row, PFOS row, PFOS column | Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment |
| PFOA | 0.20 ± 0.07 | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOA row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| PFOS | 1.29 ± 0.15 | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFOS row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| PFNA | 0.07 ± 0.01 | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFNA row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| PFDA | 0.07 ± 0.02 | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFDA row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| PFHxA | ND | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFHxA row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| PFBS | ND | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFBS row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| PFHxS | 0.06 ± 0.03 | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFHxS row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| PFOS | 19 | ng/g ww | Sport fish, San Francisco Bay, 2009 (n = 21); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOS row, 2009 detection frequency column | Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019 |
| PFOS | 5.6-18 | ng/g ww | Sport fish, San Francisco Bay, 2009 (n = 21); range of detected concentrations | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOS row, 2009 range of detected PFOS column | Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019 |
| PFOS | 100 | ng/g ww | Sport fish, San Francisco Bay, 2009/2022 reanalysis (n = 7); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOS row, 2009/2022 reanalysis detection frequency column | Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019 |
| PFOS | 2.8-8.5 | ng/g ww | Sport fish, San Francisco Bay, 2009/2022 reanalysis (n = 7); range of detected concentrations | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOS row, 2009/2022 reanalysis range of detected PFOS column | Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019 |
| PFOS | 94 | ng/g ww | Sport fish, San Francisco Bay, 2014 (n = 36); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOS row, 2014 detection frequency column | Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019 |
| PFOS | 0.9-17 | ng/g ww | Sport fish, San Francisco Bay, 2014 (n = 36); range of detected concentrations | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOS row, 2014 range of detected PFOS column | Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019 |
| PFOS | 91 | ng/g ww | Sport fish, San Francisco Bay, 2019 (n = 33); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOS row, 2019 detection frequency column | Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019 |
| PFOS | 0.59-10 | ng/g ww | Sport fish, San Francisco Bay, 2019 (n = 33); range of detected concentrations | PDF p.4, Table 1, PFOS row, 2019 range of detected PFOS column | Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019 |
| PFHxA | 1.08 | ng/g w.w. | Salmon, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Salmon row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOA | 5.39 | ng/g w.w. | Salmon, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Salmon row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFDA | 8.55 | ng/g w.w. | Salmon, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Salmon row, PFDA row, PFDA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxS | 0.08 | ng/g w.w. | Salmon, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Salmon row, PFHxS row, PFHxS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOS | 0.29 | ng/g w.w. | Salmon, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Salmon row, PFOS row, PFOS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxA | 1.20 | ng/g w.w. | Oyster, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Oyster row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOA | 5.71 | ng/g w.w. | Oyster, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Oyster row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFDA | 10.5 | ng/g w.w. | Oyster, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Oyster row, PFDA row, PFDA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxS | 0.08 | ng/g w.w. | Oyster, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Oyster row, PFHxS row, PFHxS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOS | 0.38 | ng/g w.w. | Oyster, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Oyster row, PFOS row, PFOS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxA | 0.87 | ng/g w.w. | Shrimp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Shrimp row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOA | 8.23 | ng/g w.w. | Shrimp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Shrimp row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFDA | 7.36 | ng/g w.w. | Shrimp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Shrimp row, PFDA row, PFDA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxS | 0.20 | ng/g w.w. | Shrimp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Shrimp row, PFHxS row, PFHxS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOS | 0.12 | ng/g w.w. | Shrimp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Shrimp row, PFOS row, PFOS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxA | 0.98 | ng/g w.w. | Clam, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Clam row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOA | 5.60 | ng/g w.w. | Clam, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Clam row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFDA | 7.05 | ng/g w.w. | Clam, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Clam row, PFDA row, PFDA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxS | 0.17 | ng/g w.w. | Clam, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Clam row, PFHxS row, PFHxS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOS | 0.06 | ng/g w.w. | Clam, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Clam row, PFOS row, PFOS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxA | 1.07 | ng/g w.w. | Squid, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Squid row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOA | 6.40 | ng/g w.w. | Squid, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Squid row, PFOA row, PFOA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFDA | 7.84 | ng/g w.w. | Squid, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Squid row, PFDA row, PFDA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFHxS | 0.26 | ng/g w.w. | Squid, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Squid row, PFHxS row, PFHxS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOS | 1.06 | ng/g w.w. | Squid, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 3, Squid row, PFOS row, PFOS median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| PFOA | 39% | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); detection rate | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFOA row, Fish and seafood Detection column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| PFOA | 0.08 ± 0.39 | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); mean (lower bound) ± SD | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFOA row, Fish and seafood Mean (LB) column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| PFOS | 51% | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); detection rate | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFOS row, Fish and seafood Detection column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| PFOS | 0.11 ± 0.28 | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); mean (lower bound) ± SD | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFOS row, Fish and seafood Mean (LB) column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| PFNA | 49% | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); detection rate | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFNA row, Fish and seafood Detection column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| PFNA | 0.03 ± 0.08 | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); mean (lower bound) ± SD | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFNA row, Fish and seafood Mean (LB) column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| PFHxS | 10% | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); detection rate | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFHxS row, Fish and seafood Detection column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
| PFHxS | 0.01 ± 0.07 | µg/kg | Singapore total diet study, Fish and seafood (n = 93 pooled samples); mean (lower bound) ± SD | PDF p.8, Table 4, Fish and seafood block, PFHxS row, Fish and seafood Mean (LB) column | Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study |
Analytical methods
Regulatory references
Navigation
Products · Analytes · Methodology
Evidence gaps
Sources
- Seasonal variations in the occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in water, sediment and fish samples from Ebro Delta (Catalonia, Spain)
- Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment
- Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods
- Development of extraction and cleanup approaches for PFASs analysis in fish tissue by HPLC-MS/MS technique
- Assessing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediments and fishes in a large, urbanized estuary and the potential human health implications
- Analysis of Per- and Poly(fluoroalkyl) Substances (PFASs) in Highly Consumed Seafood Products from U.S. Markets
- Study on Quantification and Toxicity Estimation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Vietnamese Fish and Food Packaging Materials
- Perfluoroalkyl substances in Baltic fish - the risk to consumers
- Assessment of the Variability in the Occurrence of PFAS in Fish Tissues from Selected Fisheries in the Baltic Sea
- Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019
- Contamination Characteristics of 21 PFAS in Shellfish and Crustaceans of Zhejiang Province and Exposure Risk Assessment for Adult Dietary Consumers
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in commercially important marine species of fish and shellfish from Alaska and implications for human exposure
- Non-Targeted Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Blue Crab
- Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women
- Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study
References
Sources explicitly cited in this page's body.
- Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in edible fish species from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: Exposure and risk assessment
- Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods
- Spatial Trends and Health Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in San Francisco Bay Fish from 2009 to 2019
- Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women
- Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of PFAS in Singapore: Insights from a Total Diet Study
- Seasonal variations in the occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in water, sediment and fish samples from Ebro Delta (Catalonia, Spain)
- Development of extraction and cleanup approaches for PFASs analysis in fish tissue by HPLC-MS/MS technique
- Assessing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediments and fishes in a large, urbanized estuary and the potential human health implications
- Analysis of Per- and Poly(fluoroalkyl) Substances (PFASs) in Highly Consumed Seafood Products from U.S. Markets
- Study on Quantification and Toxicity Estimation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Vietnamese Fish and Food Packaging Materials
- Perfluoroalkyl substances in Baltic fish - the risk to consumers
- Assessment of the Variability in the Occurrence of PFAS in Fish Tissues from Selected Fisheries in the Baltic Sea
- Contamination Characteristics of 21 PFAS in Shellfish and Crustaceans of Zhejiang Province and Exposure Risk Assessment for Adult Dietary Consumers
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in commercially important marine species of fish and shellfish from Alaska and implications for human exposure
- Non-Targeted Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Blue Crab