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Scientific profiles are awaiting evidence review.

Tap vs Bottled: Assessing PFAS Levels and Exposure Risks in Singapore’s Drinking Water

Quoted values stay tied to the cited study. Empty sections are gaps.

Summary

Key numbers

Source-reported values checked against the cited page of the filed PDF. Values are reported as printed, without conversion. These are selected records, not an exhaustive transcription.

analytevalueunitbasissource locationlimits and qualifiers
PFHxA0.32ng/Lbottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literalPDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f
PFOA0.33ng/Lbottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literalPDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f
PFNA0.16ng/Lbottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literalPDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f
PFDA0.07ng/Lbottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literalPDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f
PFBS0.37ng/Lbottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literalPDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f
PFOS0.16ng/Lbottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literalPDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f
HFPO-DA0.22ng/Lbottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literalPDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f

3 further transcribed values remain under review and are not shown.

Evidence Fitness

Bounded transcription of selected occurrence statistics, not a complete numeric extraction of the paper. Other matrices, risk calculations, regulatory limits and literature comparisons are excluded.

Methods (brief)

Weak-anion-exchange SPE and LC-MS/MS, negative ESI MRM, PDF pp. 2-3. Validation refers to EPA methods; storage deviates from EPA 537.1 guidance as acknowledged in section 2.3. Acidic-form concentrations.

Target labels as printed: PFPeA; PFHxA; PFHpA; PFOA; PFNA; PFDA; PFUnA; PFDoA; PFTriA; PFTeDA; PFBS; PFHxS; PFOS; HFPO-DA (Tables 1 and section 2.2).

Detection and quantification limits: MDLs 0.06-0.11 ng/L, PDF p. 3, section 2.6; analyte-specific Table S8 absent. Table 1 ND retained, never zero. Quantification limits not supplied in main text.

Limitations

Supplementary information absent; individual MDLs cannot be assigned. Table 1 reports minimum PFNA and summed detections 0.05 ng/L despite main-text MDL range starting at 0.06 ng/L; log retained. Abstract range agrees with the summed range, not individual-analyte means. PFBA is explicitly excluded in section 2.1 despite MANIFEST including it.

Provenance notes

DOI and citation metadata checked against the deposited PDF title page; no online resolution attempted. MANIFEST identity matched. PDF copied without modification; raw_path and sha256 retain local provenance. All printed values and censoring retained without conversion or conflict repair. See reports/bottled-drinking-water/MISMATCHES.csv.

Wiki pages updated on ingest

Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian)

HFPO-DA

PFBS

PFDA

PFHxA

PFHxS

PFNA

PFOA

PFOS