Summary
PFAS in 20 vegetable species grown on farmland irrigated with treated wastewater; leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach) mean 9.24 ng/g vs lower in carrot; PFBA dominant in all vegetables; links to root chemical traits.
Key numbers
Values read from the source tables and checked against the cited page. Shown as printed, without conversion. Selected records, not an exhaustive transcription. 1 values were held for review.
No values published.
Evidence Fitness
direct
Methods (brief)
See the methods section of the source PDF. Measured samples do not represent every product on the market.
Limitations
Values are reported by the authors for their own samples. Censored results and detection limits are as defined in the source. No unit conversions were made.
Provenance notes
DOI 10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00184 resolved at Crossref; DOI matched in the filed PDF text. Original file: Cao_2025_20_vegetable_species_PFAS_root_traits_wastewater_irrigated_ACSEnvironAu.pdf. SHA-256: 2bb3cbf8c3bcb4156d08920c6872d17d07956c4359df855d33b6fbf7c6508854. Library folder: papers-produce-mixed.